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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Retirement slump ： ウィキペディア英語版 Retirement slump Retirement slump refers to the average falloff in the party’s vote when the incumbent retires. A positive value of the sophomore surge represents an incumbency advantage. The retirement slump should be positive for an incumbency advantage to exist. Sophomore surge is the average vote gain for freshman winners in election 1 who run again in election 2. Retirement slump is the average vote loss for the parties whose candidates won election 1 and did not run in election 2.〔http://gking.harvard.edu/files/inc.pdf〕 When a Sophomore surge and a Retirement slump combine, it is what is called a slurge. == References == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Retirement slump」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.